Description
What is the “pagan” moral orientation, as Tolstoy sketches it? Why does he include some very prominent and familiar religious moral systems (i.e. the “Mohammedan”, the “Church-Christian”, the Jewish, and the “crude Buddhist”) among the pagan?
How is the Christian moral orientation supposed to be fundamentally different from the “Church-Christian” orientation? (And presumably the same difference would apply between “crude Buddhism” and Buddhism in its “highest manifestation” and so on.)
Why can morality not be independent of religion, according to Tolstoy?